常用杀虫剂对龟纹瓢虫的毒力及其保护酶的影响
时间：2022-10-29 来源：博通范文网 本文已影响 人 
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摘要：为明确常用杀虫剂对龟纹瓢虫[Propylaea japonica（Thunberg）]幼虫、成虫的毒力及成虫体内保护酶的影响，采用浸渍法测定了龟纹瓢虫3龄幼虫、成虫对10种常用杀虫剂的敏感性，同时研究了2种杀虫剂对龟纹瓢虫成虫体内4种保护酶 （SOD、POD、CAT、GSH-Px） 活力的影响。结果显示：10种杀虫剂对龟纹瓢虫幼虫的毒性（LC 50）差异很大，毒力顺序与成虫一致，其毒力大小顺序为：阿维菌素 > 吡虫啉 > 烯啶虫胺 > 毒死蜱 > 哒螨灵 > 氟啶虫胺腈 > 灭幼脲 > 氯虫苯甲酰胺 > 螺螨酯 > 吡蚜酮。低浓度（LC 10、LC 20）吡虫啉药剂对龟纹瓢虫成虫体内过氧化物酶（POD）活性一直表现抑制作用，高浓度（LC 30）吡蚜酮药剂对成虫体内过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性一直表现激活作用。试验总体表明高浓度杀虫剂对龟纹瓢虫成虫体内酶活性存在不利影响。
关键词：龟纹瓢虫;杀虫剂;毒力;保护酶;浸渍法
中图分类号：S482.3：S476.2文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2019）02-0097-06
Toxicity of Commonly Used Insecticides to Propylaea japonica and
Their Influences on Protective Enzyme Activities
Zhang Xiaopeng Liu Jin Wang Fan3， Wang Shuhui Li Dongchao Chen Peng Liu Yongjie
（1.College of Plant Protection， Shandong Agricultural University， Taian 271018， China;
2. College of Landscape Science and Engineering， Shandong Agricultural Engineering College， Jinan 250100， China;
3. Agricultural Ecology Safety office， Yancheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Yancheng 224000， China）
AbstractIn order to clarify the effects of commonly used insecticides on the virulence of larvae and adults and the activities of protective enzymes in adults of Propylaea japonica （Thunberg）， the sensitivity of the 3rd instar larvae and adults to 10 insecticides were determined by impregnation methods. The effects of two insecticides on the activity of four protective enzymes （SOD、POD、CAT、GSH-Px） in adults of Propylaea japonica were also studied. The results showed that the toxicity of the 10 insecticides to the larvae was very different. The order of virulence was basically the same as that of the adults， which was avermectin>imidacloprid>nitenpyram>chlorpyrifos>pyridaben>fluridinonitrile>thiourea>chlorobenzamide>spirodiclofen>pymetrozine. The sublethal concentrations （LC 10 and LC 20） of imidacloprid showed inhibition to the POD activity in adults of Propylaea japonica， and the sublethal concentration （LC 30） of pymetrozin promoted the activity of CAT. The overall results showed that high concentrations of pesticides had adverse effects on the protective enzyme activities in adults of Propylaea japonica.
KeywordsPropylaea japonica; Insecticide; Toxicity; Protective enzyme; Impregnation method
龜纹瓢虫[Propylaea japonica （Thunberg） ]广泛分布于亚洲，是重要的捕食性天敌昆虫，对多种害虫具有很好的控制作用[1]，其幼虫和成虫均能捕食多种农业害虫，是维持生态系统稳定性的重要组成部分[2-4]。当前防治蚜虫类害虫主要依靠化学药剂，但在防治蚜虫的同时，往往也大量杀伤了蚜虫的天敌。通过室内毒力测定对田间常用杀虫剂进行安全性评估，选用对龟纹瓢虫安全而对害虫有效的杀虫剂，对生产具有指导意义。已有研究报道，采用喷雾法、药膜法等方法测定不同药剂对龟纹瓢虫的毒力，不同方法测定的毒力大小存在差异[5， 6]，但鲜有关于利用浸渍法测定杀虫剂对龟纹瓢虫毒性的报道。
