国家开放大学电大《美学与美育》2021期末试题及答案（试卷号：2071）

国家开放大学电大《美学与美育》2021期末试题及答案（试卷号：2071） 盗传必究 一、单项选择题（选出正确的答案，并将字母填在题面括号内。每题4分，共16分） 1．构成形式美的自然因素的要素是( )。

A．色彩线条音响 B．音乐美术雕塑 C．音乐绘画形体 D．色彩形体声音 2．( )是指物体中心点的两面或多面呈现出外在形式不同而内在质量大致均等的状态。

A．对称 B．比例 C．匀称 D．均衡 3．欣赏艺术美，要学会通过具象的画面、形体，去感知和体验潜伏在具象内层的( )意味和情趣。

A．抽象形式 B．逻辑概念 C．情感 D．道德 4．外来文化的基本特征是( )。

A．含蓄空灵奇异 B．奇异抽象含蓄 C．奇异征实逼真 D．奇异逼真抽象 二、判断正误，并简述理由（每题15分，共30分） 5．美学的性质就是指美学的对象。

答：错。（3分） 因为性质指的是基本属性，而美学的对象是指美学研究的客体。二者密切相关但却不是一回事。（4分）美学的性质在于它是一门突出形象、具体、体验方式的人文学科，（4分）而美学的对象是人的感性的活生生的整体形象。（4分）共15分。

6．没有审美体验，艺术创造无从谈起。

答：对。（3分） 艺术是审美体验的符号化，其每一个环节都与审美体验密切关联。（3分）对于艺术创造而言，审美体验是艺术兴发的根本动力，（3分）是艺术构思的内在逻辑，（3分）是艺术物化的终极根据。（3分）共15分。

三、简答题（答对要点即可，不必展开论述。每题15分-共30分） 7．为什么说符号实践是美得以显现的场所？请简要作答。

答：第一，创造何使用符号是人类与动物的根本区别；

(4分) 第二，创造和使用符号是人类实践的基本内容；

（4分） 第三，人类通过符号表现其实践的“有意识”性和“自由自觉”性；

（4分） 第四，人类所创造和欣赏的美，必定存在于具体可感的符号系统中。（3分）共15分 8．如何理解美育的具体特征？ 答：美育的具体特征是趣味性、感染性和多样性。这三个方面的特征，共同形成了美育作为一种教育方法的独特形态。（6分）美育的趣味性，是指美育的实施手段是以美的形象吸引人，其过程不是严肃的而是伴随个人趣味的激发和满足。（3分）美育的感染性，是指美育不是以理服人而是以情感人。（3分）美育的多样性，是指从运作方式来看，美育在时空上灵活自由，在个体针对性上显现差异的特性。（3分）共15分。

四、综合论述题（从理论与实际相结合的角度论述问题0 24分） 9．结合实际情况论述艺术教育对于青少年发展的意义。

答：艺术是审美最集中最典型的形态，承载着最丰富的人类审美文化。艺术教育是美育的重要途径和重要实践形态，它以情感教育、人格素质教育为特色，以促进审美发展来推动青少年理性和感性的全面协调发展，对于青少年发展具有不可替代的重要意义。（6分） 首先，艺术教育可以培养和发展青少年的艺术素质。例如通过欣赏艺术的活动，可以增强青少年的形式感，可以提升他们的想象力，培养他们的感悟能力。而亲身投入一些艺术创造活动，则会直接在创造实践活动中提高和发展他们的艺术体验和艺术表现能力a多欣赏中国书画，可以深切领悟中国文化的“线的艺术”之美妙，经常欣赏音乐、舞蹈，对节奏、韵律会有更准确的把握。（6分） 其次，艺术教育可以启迪和培养青少年的人文精神，艺术作品具有的丰富人文内涵，会对青少年的心灵塑造和精神成长具有潜移默化的作用。风景画使人领悟自然的美妙及人与自然的亲密关系，描写人物的优秀文学作品可以启迪对于人性、人生、社会的认识，艺术可以激励青少年感悟生活的真谛，帮助青少年自我审视，发现和了解自我情感和内心意识，促进心灵境界的提升。（6分） 同时，艺术教育可以发展感性，从而全面促进青少年审美能力的发展。艺术符号具有表情性特征，它可以承载和激发人类共同的审美情感，对于每个个体来说，通过对艺术的直觉体验和情感交流，能够促进感性能力的生成和发展，实现理性与感性的协调和融合。（6分） 注：鼓励学生在认真学习教材的基础上独立思考，对判断题、论述题，如有虽不同于参考答案，但言之成理并确有创见者，可视情况给高分。

试卷代号：1162

中央广播电视大学2009-2010学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试英语Ⅱ(2) 试题

2010年1月

第一部分交际用语（共计10分，每小题2分）

1-5小题：阅读下面的小对话，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。

1.Can you help me clear up the me?-------------------- A.Tell me who made it B.No trouble at allC.Yes, that\\"ll be all right D.No problem 3.Is it going to be warm next week?------------------- A.Yes, it is B.I don\\"t believe it C.No, it hasn\\"t D.It changes all the time 5.15小题：阅读下面的句子，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。

6.Unfortunately the poor girl can\\"t do anything but ------- .all her belongings at alow price.A.to sell B.sellingC.sell D.sold 7.They were asked to avoid _ any water which had not been boiled. A.drinking B.to drink C.having D.not to be drunk 8.John was bored, _ he left his life in England.. A.in addition B.so C.however D.furthermore 9.She is very careful.She _ very few mistakes in her work. A.does B.takesC.makes D.gets 10.The workers are busy _ models for the exhibition. A.to make B.with makingC.being making D.making 11.--------- you change your mind, I won\\"t be able to help you. A.When B.UnleC.While D.So 12.We are going to have our office _ to make room for a new engineer. A.to rearrange B.rearrange C.rearranged D.rearranging 13.Since this road is wet and slippery this morning, it _--------- last night. A.must rajn B.was raining C.may be raining D.must have rained 14.Do you think Tommy is--------- the truth? A.sayingB.tellingC.speaking D.talking 15.John fell asleep _

he was listening to the music.A.while B.before C.after D.as soon as 第三部分完形填空（每题2分，共20分）

16carrots can be made to taste of chocolate andapples can be made 18 .Some food that appears the same has been 19 improved, forexample, fish can be made to grow faster.Should we \\"be pleased or worried? Will newtechnology bring benefits, or is it about to g0 20 control? Genetically engineered foods are produced by taking genetic material from one speciesand transferring it 21 another.For example, an 6antifreeze\\" gene which appearsnaturally in Arctic fish has been introduced into tomatoes and strawberries 22 they don\\"t freezein cold weather; a human gene has been introduced into pigs to make them 23 morequickly. Some claim great advantages.They point out that crops can be made stronger and moredisease resistant, _ 24 _ pesticides can be reduced.They also maintain that food can bemade more nutritious

or that the fat content can 25 to make it healthier.16.A.are B.were C.is D.be 17.A.such that B.such as C.so that D.so as 18.A.more red B.much red C.redder D.reder 19.A.scientifically B.science C.scientific D.scientifical 20.A.under B.into C.out D.out of 21.A.for B.to C.out D.into 22.A.such that B.in order to C.so that D.so as to 23.A.grow B.to grow C.growing D.grown 24.A.because B.cause C.result D.so 25.A.be reducing B.be reduced C.reduced D.reducing 第四部分 阅读理解（共计30分，每小题2分） 26I gue you can put up with a mattre on the floor! 26.This paage is a letter of . A.an informal invitation B.a formal invitation C.thanks D.complaint 27.When Charles writes, "I\\"m sorry about the lack of warning", he means that he is sorry that _ . A: he did not give Bob a warning when Bob was unce in danger B.he is short of money, so he is not able to help Bob C.he should have given Bob a warning when he is in difficulty D.he is not able to write this letter to Bob earlier 28.Charles and his wife decided to hold the house-warming party9 mainly because A.they decided to have a rest after being busy moving to the new house B.they still had a little money left to afford the party C.the new motorway was open D.they wanted to meet their friends very much 29.From the letter we know that the new house that Charles moved in is B.two hours away from downtown A.very big x C.in a new housing estate D.easy to find in the map 30.In the sentence "Barbara and l hope that you can make it...", the phrase "make it" is used to say that Bob can A.manage to attend their party B.find their new house in two hours C.do the trip from Bedford to Flinders D.put up with a mattre on the floor 短文理解2 Cash of all kinds, the French franc, the German mark, and the Italian lira, is bound to disappear physically.The paper notes and gold coins may soon become curious collections of the pre-electronic age.Digital money can replace every use of cash money.It is true that electronic money has been around for decades.Each week billions of institutional dollars flow through the Interbank Payment System through telephone wires and satellite links.But in the 21st century, entirely new forms of digital moneywill become the means

of most personal financial trade.What a great change this will be! Digital credit cards, smart cards, electronic wallets and electronic checks will change our way of life in the 21st century.They are efficient and easy to use.Customers will not take money with them when they go shopping.They will pay their\\"bills from a smart cell phone or they will buy their coffee by using a digital credit card.How convenient it will be! And how easily people will do their shopping in such a way! With so many changes these days, the Internet will help speed up the end of cash.In Europe, some banks have been offering people electronic cash since late last year.Customers can withdraw money from their accounts through the bank\\"s website and store their incomes on their home PCs.As the electronic cash is downloaded, the customers\\" bank accounts are recorded.Since customers can use electronic cash to buy things on the Internet, electronic cash will transform the Internet into a global marketplace for everything.It is going to have a very big impact on our lives.The low cost of computer and communications has created a worldwide medium not just for finance, but also for many other things in our life.The Age of Internet has brought e-businees to our life, which perhaps will form the backbone of our economy.Mom and Pop can go global40小题：阅读下列短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是否正确(T)、错误(F),还是文字中没有涉及相关信息(NG)。 阅读理解3 CETACEANS: FACT FILE There are over 80 species of whales, dolphins and porpoises, known collectively as "cetaceans", throughout the world.They come in all shapes and sizes.Here are some facts and figures about these incredible animals. 1.Largest The blue whale is the heaviest and Jongest animal on Earth.The average adult length is 25m for males and 26.2m for females, with body weights of 90-120 tonnes. 2.Smallest Hector\\"s dolphin is the world\\"s shortest cetacean.They may be only l.2m long when fully grown. 3.Largest Appetite A blue whale eats up t0 4 tonnes of krill daily.This is equivalent to eating a fully grown African elephant every day. 4.Deepest Dive The sperm whale is believed to dive deeper than any other cetacean.They have been known to

dive as deep as 2000m. 5.Longest Lived One bowhead whale is reported to have been 130 years old when it died.6.Heaviest Brain The sperm whale has the world\\"s heaviest brain which can weigh up t0 9.2kg.This compares with the average l.4kg for the brain of an adult human. 7.Most Endangered The baiji dolphin, or Chinese river dolphin, is the rarest dolphin in the world and isreported to be endangered.It lives in the Yangtze River in China.Conservation measures arebeing taken by the Chinese to save it..Questions 36-40: 36.Hector\\"s dolphin is the smallest fish in the world. 37.Blue whales eat as much as an African elephant does every day.38.Some whales can live for as long as 130 years. 39.Whales are cleverer than humans. 40.The brain of a sperm whale can be over 6 times heavier than a human one.第五部分书面表达（20分）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an email to口businepartner named Robert in London about your trip next week.You should write at least 80words and base your email on the Chinese outline below: 1．接受邀请下星期到英国观光旅游。2．希望对方能到机场接你。 3．告诉对方你抵达的日期和航班号等。

试卷代号：1 1 62 中央广播电视大学2009-2010学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试

英语Ⅱ(2) 试题答案及评分标准

第一部分交际用语（共计10分，每小题2分）

1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．C 第二部分词汇与结构（共计20分．每小题2分）

6．C 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D11．B 12．C13．D 14．B 15．A第三部分完形填空（共计20分，每小题2分）

16．A17.B 18．C 19．A 20．D21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．B第四部分 阅读理解（共计30分，每小题2分） 26．A27.D 28．B 29．C 30.A31．C 32．A 33．D 34．B 35．C36.F 37.F 38.T 39.NG 40.T第五部分 写作（共计20分）

Sample Dear Robert, I\\"m very pleased to accept the kind invitation you extended in your last email.I\\"mplanning to spend my holiday in Britain next week.Since this is my first visit to your country, I hope you will be able to meet me at the airport.My flight details-the plane leaves Beijing at 12:30 next Thursday and arrives in London at 14:30 (local time).The flight number is CA1347. Thank you and looking forward to meeting you in London.Linlin

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